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Van Mieu, also called the Temple of Literature, is the first national university in Vietnam, built over a thousand years in the Ly dynasty. Ly Nhan Tong, the emperor at the time, established a merit system. If scholars could pass the exam, they had the potential to become mandarins (court officials). Students who passed the exams had their names carved on the stone tablets that rest on the back of stone turtles (turtles are a symbol of longevity and strength).
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